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Journal: 

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    42
  • Issue: 

    3 (113)
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1560
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In this paper a practical method for tropospheric effects on GPS derived coordinates in absolute mode is presented. GPS observations at the permanent GPS stations can be used as source of information for the Modeling. The developed model is a time-dependent model and as such differs from usual tropospheric models, which are based on atmospheric parameters, i.e. temperature, pressure and humidity. Tropospheric effect on the GPS signals are a source of Error, which cannot be eliminated via dual frequency observations. In the other words troposphere is a non-dispersivences environment and therefore, unlike the ionospheric refraction, the effect of tropospheric on the absolute positions cannot be eliminated based on dual frequency observations. What we are presenting in this paper is an operational method for reduction of tropospheric refraction Error of the GPS signals, based on continues GPS observations at the permanent GPS stations. The algorithmic procedure of the developed method begins with the processing of the GPS observations at the permanent GPS station according to following procedure: (1) Processing the GPS observations based on dual carrier phase technique (to remove/reduce the effect of ionospheric Error and to obtain more precise coordinates based on carrier phase observations with resolived ambiguity). (2) Application of broadcast ephemeris to remove/minimize the satellite position Errors. (3) Application of precise satellite clock correction to remove/minimize satellite clock Errors. In this way the major sources of GPS Errors are removed/minimized and the computed coordinates of the permanent GPS station are mainly affected by the tropospheric refraction. Since, the permanent GPS stations can provide us with long-term continual GPS observation, having available the precise coordinates of the permanent GPS station via precise differential GPS positioning, we are able to develop a time series of the difference between the precise coordinate of the station and the coordinates obtained based on aforementioned procedure. Next, we can subject the resulted time series, which reflects the tropospheric Error in combination of random Errors, to a FFT process to decompose the time series into a constant and harmonic parts. The constant and the harmonics parts can consequently be fed into a least squares adjustment as the initial value to compute the least square estimates of the constant and time dependent part of the tropospheric corrections in terms of sine and cosine base functions. In this way a tropospheric model can be developed, which is a function of time. Using the whole observations within the year 2000 of the permanent GPS station of National Cartographic Center (NCC) of Iran, located in Tehran/Iran a tropospheric model was developed according to the explained procedure. The computed model was subjected to validity test at the permanent GPS station and also at various locations with different distances to the permanent GPS station. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. Tropospheric Error can be detected and modeled according the prescribed procedure due to its time repetition property. 2. The developed model can correct the tropospheric Error up to 99% at the time interval used for the Modeling (Modeling station), and up to 98% for the observations made at the Modeling station 2 years after. 3. The developed model is very much local dependent and for that reason for a station located at 1m distance to the Modeling station can only remove 52% of the tropospheric Error, however it still can remove 52% of the tropospheric Error for the locations at 26, 28, 31, and 32 km distance from the Modeling station. Finally, we can conclude that the developed model can be very useful for real-time applications such as navigation and also implementation in the DGPS correction. 

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2011
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2 (24)
  • Pages: 

    11-23
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1688
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

CNC machine tools are widely used to produce precise parts through executing expensive operations. In precision machining, the machine tool's geometrical and kinematical Errors cause geometrical and dimensional deviations in vital features of machined parts. Kinematic Modeling of a machine tool structure can help to predict the real value of the overall tool positioning Error. In this paper, Modeling of three-axes CNC machine tools has been considered. The developed model can simply be used for all kinds of linear axes configurations, like three-axes CNC machine tools. The model can be useful for a large variety of applications, including software based Error compensation systems and prediction of the real shape of parts after being machined or measured by Error contained CNC or CMM machines. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the model. Analytical estimations were shown to be in good accordance with experimental tests.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2008
  • Volume: 

    33
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    1-14
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1747
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Survey implementation is one of the common methods to data collection. Quality of survey results is of prime importance due to their applications in decision making and planning. To determine quality of survey results, it is necessary to estimate both sampling and nonsampling Errors. However, estimation of nonsampling Error is difficult because of problem of quantifying other parts of nonsampling Error that is nonresponse Error, Coverage Error and data processing Error.Response Error is a quantifiable part of nonsampling Error. Therefore, Modeling of the response Error has received a particular attention over years.In this paper, we consider some major statistical surveys which are conducted in a face to face interview and Sources of Error are determined, then a model of response Error in face to face surveys has been proposed Based on presentation of an experimental design.Furthermore, computation of precision in surveys with two stage Sampling designs is assessed and an estimator of precision is presented in this case. As an application.of proposed model, precision of survey estimators of interest is computed based on resulted estimator, for data of house hold in come-and expenditure survey for the year 1382.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1393
  • Volume: 

    29
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    342
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

لطفا برای مشاهده چکیده به متن کامل (PDF) مراجعه فرمایید.

Yearly Impact:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

CARONE G.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1996
  • Volume: 

    18
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    1-48
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    195
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2023
  • Volume: 

    1
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    93-110
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    99
  • Downloads: 

    27
Abstract: 

The present study was conducted with the aim of behavioral Modeling to reduce human Error in the country's air transportation industry. This study, in terms of the purpose of an applied-developmental research, from the point of view of the method and time frame of data collection, is a cross-sectional survey research that was conducted with a mixed approach. The community of participants of the qualitative part includes the managers of the country's air transportation industry, 11 of whom were selected in a targeted manner until reaching theoretical saturation. The statistical population is a small part of the experts and activists of the country's air transportation industry, and the sample size was estimated by Cochran's formula of 366. Quantitative sampling was done by cluster-random method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire, which was validated by construct validity, convergent validity and divergent validity methods. Using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire was also checked. The value of convergent validity for all constructs was above 0. 5 and Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were estimated to be above 0. 7 for all constructs, so validity and reliability were evaluated as favorable.-. .

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2007
  • Volume: 

    3
  • Issue: 

    3-4
  • Pages: 

    53-63
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    326
  • Downloads: 

    150
Abstract: 

A new heterodyne nano-displacement with Error reduction is presented. The main Errors affecting the displacement accuracy of the nano-displacement measurement system including intermodulation distortion Error, cross-talk Error, cross-polarization Error and phase detection Error are calculated. In the designed system, a He-Ne laser having three-longitudinal-mode is considered as the stabilized source. The free spectral range of the 35cm laser cavity is about 435-MHz at 632.8-nm wavelength, which a secondary beat frequency equal to 300-kHz is produced by combining the reference and measurement beams. The resolution of the displacement measurement resulting from intermodulation distortion, cross-talk and cross-polarization Errors is limited to 18-pm. Also, the phase detection uncertainty causes an Error of only 5.9-pm in the displacement measurement.Furthermore, frequency-path models of two- and three-longitudinal-mode laser interferometers are modeled as the ac interference, ac reference, dc interference and optical power terms. A comparison study between two- and three-longitudinal-mode laser interferometers confirms that the performance of the designed system is considerably improved.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2011
  • Volume: 

    23
  • Issue: 

    2 (79)
  • Pages: 

    134-139
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    862
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Aim: In patients with complete denture, some clinicians have used modelling plastic impression compound (MPIC) along tissue conditioner (TC) materials simultaneously. Little information is available on the composition of these materials and the interaction between them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two components of MPIC on the structure and chemical composition of TC.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, MPIC specimens were provided in 25×2 mm discs. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were immersed in ethanol 70%, plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate) and a mixture of them (ethanol 70% and dibutyl phthalate). All of the discs were weighed with a digital balance before and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immersion. Values were analyzed by non parametric Kruskal-Wallis (a= 0.05) and SPSS 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among all groups (p>.05).Conclusion: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had high impact on the solubility of MP, while the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and ethanol demonstrated the highest impact.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2020
  • Volume: 

    16
  • Issue: 

    3
  • Pages: 

    292-301
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    162
  • Downloads: 

    106
Abstract: 

State estimation is essential to access observable network models for online monitoring and analyzing of power systems. Due to the integration of distributed energy resources and new technologies, state estimation in distribution systems would be necessary. However, accurate input data are essential for an accurate estimation along with knowledge on the possible correlation between the real and pseudo measurements data. This study presents a new approach to model Errors for the distribution system state estimation purpose. In this paper, pseudo measurements are generated using a couple of real measurements data by means of the artificial neural network method. In the proposed method, the radial basis function network with the Gaussian kernel is also implemented to decompose pseudo measurements into several components. The robustness of the proposed Error Modeling method is assessed on IEEE 123-bus distribution test system where the problem is optimized by the imperialist competitive algorithm. The results evidence that the proposed method causes to increase in detachment accuracy of Error components which results in presenting higher quality output in the distribution state estimation.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2009
  • Volume: 

    21
  • Issue: 

    2 (71)
  • Pages: 

    138-142
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    1654
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Background and Aim: There are different methods of oral health education for child population. Theater show is a method that has not received enough attention until now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using theater show on dental health education in Yazd female elementary students.Materials and Methods: This was a quasi experimental study performed by using pre- and post-test method in Iran over the year 2004. One elementary school from each region of the city was selected. Twenty students from each grade of each school were included in the study (n=200). The information on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral health were collected by using a valid and reliable questionnaire before and after theater show performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: This study showed that the theater show could improve knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice of children. The effect of the theater show on knowledge was more than attitude and was more on attitude than practice (P<0.001). Only literacy on the part of mothers was significantly correlated with practice (P=0.021). There were significant correlations between Knowledge (P=0.020), Attitude (P=0.0001) and oral health Practice (P=0.022) with students' grade level.Conclusion: This study showed that using theater show for oral health education, could improve the oral health related knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice by elementary school students.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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